NAME
-
Sets -
sets of non-negative integers
SYNOPSIS
-
include "sets.m";
OR include "sets32.m";
sets := load Sets Sets->PATH;
A, B: import Sets;
Sets: adt {
init: fn();
set: fn(): Set;
str2set: fn(str: string): Set;
bytes2set: fn(d: array of byte): Set;
Set: adt {
# opaque data
X: fn(s1: self Set, op: int, s2: Set): Set;
add: fn(s: self Set, n: int): Set;
addlist: fn(s: self Set, ns: list of int): Set;
del: fn(s: self Set, n: int): Set;
invert: fn(s: self Set): Set;
eq: fn(s1: self Set, s2: Set): int;
holds: fn(s: self Set, n: int): int;
isempty: fn(s: self Set): int;
msb: fn(s: self Set): int;
limit: fn(s: self Set): int;
str: fn(s: self Set): string;
bytes: fn(s: self Set, n: int): array of byte;
};
};
DESCRIPTION
-
The
Sets
module provides routines for manipulating sets
of small non-negative integers. There are currently
two implementations available:
the implementation declared in
sets32.m
stores sets of numbers from 0 to 31 inclusive;
the implementation in
sets.m
stores arbitrary sets of non-negative integers.
The description given is for the more general
implementation; behaviour of the other is undefined
if an integer higher than 31 is used.
Init
must be called first, to allow
Sets
to initialise its internal state.
Set
returns a new set, containing nothing.
Str2set
converts a string to a new set; the string
should have been created with
Set.str().
Bytes2set
converts an array of bytes,
d,
as returned by
Set.bytes(),
to a new set.
Note that all set operations are copy operations;
none change an existing set.
- s1.X(op, s2)
- Returns a new set, the result of combining
s1
and
s2
according to boolean operator
op.
Op
can be any bitwise boolean combination of the
two constants
A
and
B,
defined in the module. Notionally, each
set is an infinitely long string of bits, each
bit representing a non-negative integer:
zero if the integer is present, and one if absent.
For each corresponding bit in
s1
and
s2,
X
sets a corresponding bit in the returned set
according to the calculation
s1 op s2.
- s.add(n)
- Returns the set
s
with
n
added.
- s.addlist(ns)
- Addlist
is the same as calling
add
on each member of the list
ns,
but somewhat more efficient.
- s.del(n)
- Returns
s
with
n
removed.
- s.invert()
- Invert
returns a set holding all non-negative integers
other than those already in
s.
Hence
set().invert()
holds all non-negative integers.
- s1.eq(s2)
- Returns non-zero if
s1
is identical to
s2.
- s.holds(n)
- Returns non-zero if
s
holds
n
as a member.
- s.isempty()
- Returns non-zero if
s
holds no members.
- s.msb()
- Returns the "most significant bit": the membership
status of all members that have not been explicitly
set. For example,
set().msb()
is 0;
set().invert().msb()
is 1.
- s.limit()
- If
s.msb()
is zero,
s.limit()
returns one more than the largest member contained in
s,
otherwise it returns one more than the largest member
not
contained in
s.
Thus
set().limit()
yields 0,
and
set().invert().del(5).limit()
yields 6.
- s.str()
- Returns a string corresponding to
s.
The format is
hexdigits:msb,
where
hexdigits
give the least significant members of the set,
most significant on the left, in hexadecimal format;
msb
gives the padding bit that fills the rest of the set.
Note that this format is compatible between the
two implementations.
- s.bytes(n)
- Returns a packed byte representaton of
s .
The array is held in little-endian order,
with the topmost bit of the top byte
holding the msb of the set.
The array returned will contain at least
n
bytes.
EXAMPLES
-
Given two sets,
s1
and
s2,
s1.X(A&B, s2)
gives their intersection;
s1.X(A|B, s2)
their union;
s1.X(A&~B, s2)
gives the set of all members of
s1
that aren't in
s2;
s1.X(~(A|B), s2)
gives the set of all integers in neither
s1
nor
s2.
sys->print("%s\n", set().addlist(1::2::5::nil)
.invert().X(A|B, set().add(2)).str());
produces the string
``dd:1'',
corresponding to the set of all non-negative
integers except 1 and 5.